نمونه سوالات Past Perfect شامل انواع سوالاتی می‌شود که رابطه بین گذشته ساده و گذشته کامل را نشان می‌دهد، مانند سوالات چندگزینه‌ای، جمله‌سازی یا سوالاتی که باید جاهای خالی را با فعل مناسب پر کنیم. در آموزش‌های قبلی مجله فرادرس با گرامر «گذشته کامل» (Past Perfect) آشنا شدیم و ساختار و کاربردهای آن را در موقعیت‌های مختلف یاد گرفتیم. در این آموزش ۹۳ نمونه سوال گرامر Past Perfect با جواب را آماده کرده‌ایم که می‌توانید برای ارزیابی عملکرد خود از آنها استفاده کنید.
آنچه در این مطلب می‌آموزید:
-
در این مطلب با تعریف دقیق گرامر Past Perfect آشنا می‌شوید.
-
با نکات کلیدی و کابردهای مهم زمان Past Perfect در زبان انگلیسی آشنا خواهید شد.
-
انواع مختلف نمونه سوالات Past Perfect مانند Wh یا Multiple Choice و Gap Filling را تمرین می‌کنید.
-
مهارت ساخت جمله و تصحیح خطاهای گرامری در Past Perfect را تقویت خواهید کرد.
-
با استفاده از تمرینهای متنوع، درک عمیق‌تری از کاربرد این زمان به‌دست می‌آورید.
هر یک از نمونه سوال‌ها با پاسخ در اختیار شما قرار گرفته است. با زدن روی گزینه جواب می‌توانید پاسخ هر سوال را مشاهده کنید. در بخش پایانی مطلب هم به نکات مهمی در رابطه با گرامر Past perfect اشاره می‌کنیم. در بخش جمع‌بندی نیز جدولی ارائه می‌کنیم که خلاصه‌ای از کاربرد Past Perfect را توضیح می‌دهد.
نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect چیست؟
نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect برای ارزیابی عملکرد و درک زبان‌آموزان استفاده می‌شود که درباره رویدادی در زمان گذشته است. در این نوع سوال‌ها باید مشخص شود که کدام رویداد زودتر اتفاق افتاده است. انواع مختلفی از نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect وجود دارد که می‌تواند به صورت «جای خالی» (Fill in the Blanks)، «جمله‌سازی» (Sentence Making)، «تصحیح جمله» (Error Correction) و… باشد.
هدف از نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect این است که زبان‌آموز بتواند رابطه زمانی بین دو رویداد در گذشته را به درستی تشخیص دهد و از ساختار گذشته کامل استفاده کند. در کنار می‌توان از این نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect در موارد زیر استفاده کرد:
- کمک به یادگیری ساختار جمله با Had + p.p
- یادگیری نحوه منفی کردن و سوالی کردن جملات گذشته کامل
- دانستن ترتیب وقوع دو اتفاق در گذشته
- افزایش مهارتهای نوشتاری و گفتاری در روایت داستانی
- تقویت مهارت گرامر برای شرکت در آزمون‌های زبان انگلیسی
تعریف گرامر Past Perfect
«گذشته کامل» (Past Perfect) برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان مشخصی در گذشته شروع شده است، اما قبل از اینکه عمل دیگری اتفاق بیفتد، تمام شده است. به همین دلیل هم به آن گذشته «کامل» می‌گویند، چون عمل در گذشته کامل شده است. برای اینکه بتوانید به نمونه سوالات گرامر Past Perfect پاسخ دهید، باید با کاربرد و ساختار آن آشنا شوید.
مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌‌‌‌های این زمان عبارتند از:
- ساختار فعل «had + p.p» است.
- برای بیان عملی به کار می‌رود که در گذشته قبل از عمل دیگری تمام شده است.
- برای تأکید بر ترتیب دو اتفاق در گذشته استفاده می‌شود.
- معمولاً با قیدهای زمان «before» و «after» همراه می‌شود.
برای ساختن جملات گذشته کامل از فرمول کلی زیر استفاده می‌کنیم:
Subject + had + p.p + object
به چند مثال زیر دقت کنید تا با ساختار گذشته کامل در جملات انگلیسی آشنا شوید.
She had finished her homework before dinner.
او تکالیفش را قبل از شام تمام کرده بود.
They had left the party when we arrived.
وقتی ما رسیدیم، آنها مهمانی را ترک کرده بودند.
I had never seen such a beautiful view before.
من هرگز قبلاً چنین منظره زیبایی ندیده بودم.
He had forgotten his wallet at home.
او کیف پولش را در خانه جا گذاشته بود.
We had already eaten when she called.
وقتی او تماس گرفت، ما خیل وقت پیش غذا خورده بودیم.
She had already eaten dinner when I arrived.
او قبل از اینکه من برسم، شامش را خورده بود.
They had finished the project before the deadline.
آنها پروژه را قبل از مهلت تحویل تمام کرده بودند.
I had never seen that movie before last night.
من قبل از دیشب هیچ‌وقت آن فیلم را ندیده بودم.
We had lived in that house for ten years before we moved.
ما قبل از اینکه اسباب‌کشی کنیم، ده سال در آن خانه زندگی کرده بودیم.
He had lost his keys, so he couldn’t open the door.
او کلیدهایش را گم کرده بود، بنابراین نتوانست در را باز کند.
برای ساختن جملات منفی از «not» یا «n’t» استفاده می‌کنیم و آن را به فعل «had» اضافه می‌کنیم. فرمول آن را هم به شکل زیر می‌نویسیم:
Subject + had not / hadn’t + p.p + object
به چند مثال زیر دقت کنید که هم برای موقعیت‌های رسمی و هم غیررسمی نوشته شده است.
He had not studied for the exam, so he failed.
او برای امتحان درس نخوانده بود، بنابراین رد شد.
We hadn’t met her before the conference.
ما قبل از کنفرانس او را ندیده بودیم.
I hadn’t packed my suitcase when the taxi arrived.
وقتی تاکسی رسید، چمدانم را نبسته بودم.
They had not repaired the car before the trip.
آنها قبل از سفر ماشین را تعمیر نکرده بودند.
She hadn’t told anyone about the surprise party.
او به هیچ‌کس درباره مهمانی غافلگیری چیزی نگفته بود.
برای سوالی کردن جملات گذشته کامل باید جای had را با فاعل یا ضمیر فاعلی جابه‌جا کنیم. البته نوع دیگری از سوالات هم وجود دارند که با کلمه پرسشی ساخته می‌شوند. فرمول هر دو را در ادامه آورده‌ایم.
Had + subject + p.p?
Wh-word + had + subject + p.p?
به چند مثال زیر دقت کنید.
Had you ever traveled abroad before 2010?
آیا تا قبل از سال ۲۰۱۰ تا به حال به خارج سفر کرده بودی؟
Had they finished the report before the manager asked for it?
آیا گزارش را قبل از اینکه مدیر درخواست کند، تمام کرده بودند؟
Had she heard the news before you called?
آیا او قبل از اینکه تو تماس بگیری، خبر را شنیده بود؟
Where had you left your phone before you found it?
گوشی‌ات را کجا گذاشته بودی قبل از اینکه پیدایش کنی؟
Why had she quit her job before getting a new one?
چرا قبل از اینکه شغل جدیدی پیدا کند، شغلش را ترک کرده بود؟
What had they done to prepare for the storm?
برای آماده شدن برای توفان چه کارهایی کرده بودند؟
۹۳ نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect با جواب
برای ارزیابی عملکرد خود در رابطه با زمان گذشته کامل، می‌توانید از تمرین‌هایی که در ادامه در اختیار شما قرار گرفته است استفاده کنید. پس از پاسخ دادن به تمامی پرسش‌ها و ظاهر شدن دکمه «دریافت نتیجه آزمون»، می‌توانید نمره عملکردتان را مشاهده کنید و جواب‌های درست و نادرست را نیز ببینید. پاسخ سؤالات نیز بعد از هر آزمون آمده است.
نمونه سوال Multiple Choice
گزینه درست را انتخاب کنید.
1. By the time I arrived, they __________ dinner.
2. She ________ the book before she watched the movie.
3. We ________ the match when it started raining.
4. He _________ the keys before he locked the door.
5. They __________ already when I called them.
7. I __________ the movie before, so I didn’t want to watch it again.
8. She had prepared all the documents before the manager ________.
9. We ________ to the airport when the storm began.
10. They hadn’t understood anything until we _________ the problem.
نمونه سوال Wh
به سوالات زیر پاسخ کامل و بلند بدهید.
Q1: What had happened when you arrived at the cinema?
Answer: When I arrived at the cinema, the film had started.
Q2: Where had she lived before she went to Thailand?
Answer: She had lived in China before she went to Thailand.
Q3: What did they do before they began to feel sick?
Answer: After they had eaten the shellfish, they began to feel sick.
Q4: What would have happened if you had listened to me?
Answer: If you had listened to me, you would have got the job.
Q5: When did Julie arrive in relation to your departure?
Answer: Julie didn’t arrive until after I had left.
Q6: What did you do after you finished dinner?
Answer: When we had finished dinner, we went out.
Q7: Why was the garden dead?
Answer: The garden was dead because it had been dry all summer.
Q8: Had he seen her before?
Answer: Yes, he had met her somewhere before.
Q9: Why were you late for the plane?
Answer: We were late for the plane because we had forgotten our passports.
Q10: What did she tell you about her exam preparation?
Answer: She told me she had studied a lot before the exam.
Q11: Why was the grass yellow?
Answer: The grass was yellow because it hadn’t rained all summer.
Q12: Why did the lights go off?
Answer: The lights went off because we hadn’t paid the electricity bill.
Q13: Why were the children in trouble?
Answer: The children hadn’t done their homework, so they were in trouble.
Q14: Why did you go to a restaurant?
Answer: They hadn’t eaten, so we went to a restaurant.
Q15: Why couldn’t you go into the concert?
Answer: We couldn’t go into the concert because we hadn’t brought our tickets.
Q16: What did she say about visiting the UK?
Answer: She said that she hadn’t visited the UK before.
Q17: Had Julie and Anne met before the party?
Answer: No, Julie and Anne hadn’t met before the party.
Q18: What had you eaten when he arrived?
Answer: I hadn’t had breakfast when he arrived.
Q19: Why did you show him how to use email?
Answer: He hadn’t used email before, so I showed him how to use it.
Q20: Why were you nervous before the test?
Answer: You hadn’t studied for the test, so you were very nervous.
نمونه سوال Wh
سوالات wh با کلمه پرسشی مانند «when» یا «where» شروع می‌شوند و برای ساختن آنها فرمول خاصی تعریف شده است. اگر قصد دارید درباره جملات سوالی در زبان انگلیسی بیشتر بدانید، مشاهده فیلم آموزش انواع جملات سوال در انگلیسی از فرادرس را پیشنهاد می‌کنیم که لینک آن در ادامه آورده شده است.
جملات زیر را با توجه به کلمه پرسشی داخل پرانتز به سوال تبدیل کنید.
Q1: She had left the office before the manager arrived. (When)
Answer: When had she left the office?
Q2: They had cleaned the room before the guests came. (What)
Answer: What had they cleaned before the guests came?
Q3: We had met him at the conference. (Where)
Answer: Where had we met him?
Q4: I had forgotten her name. (What)
Answer: What had you forgotten?
Q5: He had taken the keys from the drawer. (Where)
Answer: What had you forgotten?
Q6: They had gone to Paris before they visited Rome. (Where)
Answer: Where had they gone before they visited Rome?
Q7: She had studied Spanish for three years. (How long)
Answer: How long had she studied Spanish?
Q8: He had written three reports before noon. (How many)
Answer: How many reports had he written before noon?
Q9: We had left the cinema because the movie was boring. (Why)
Answer: Why had you left the cinema?
Q10: They hadn’t arrived at the party by 9 PM. (What time)
Answer: What time hadn’t they arrived at the party?
یادگیری زمان فعل انگلیسی با فرادرس
یادگیری زمان‌های انگلیسی برای اکثر زبان‌آموزان مسیری پرچالش را به دنبال دارد، زیرا زمان‌های انگلیسی انواع مختلفی دارند و برای هر کدام ساختار فعل به شکل متفاوتی صرف می‌شود. برای اینکه بتوانیم بر این بخش از گرامر تسلط کافی پیدا کنیم، لازم است به اندازه کافی تمرین داشته باشیم.
برای آمادگی بیشتر می‌توانید از فیلم‌های آموزش زبان انگلیسی فرادرس کمک بگیرید. برای مثال، مجموعه فیلم‌های آموزش زمان‌های فعل مباحث مختلفی را پوشش می‌دهد که در یادگیری بهتر و به کار بردن ساختارهای زمانی درست در جملات روزانه و مکالمه تأثیر زیادی دارد. برای مشاهده فیلم‌های آموزش زمان‌های فعل در زبان انگلیسی در فرادرس روی لینک زیر کلیک کنید.
نمونه سوال Sentence Making
با توجه به توضیحات، برای هر یک جملاتی با Past Perfect و/یا Simple Past بسازید.
Q1: First, I wrote a letter. Second, I showed him the letter.
Answer: I showed him a letter that I had written.
Q2: First, I wrote a letter. Second, I showed him the letter.
Q3: First, I looked through the window. Second, it started raining.
Answer: When I looked through the window, it started raining.
Q4: First, it rained. Second, I looked through the window.
Answer: When I looked through the window, it had rained.
Q5: First, I had dinner. Second, you called.
Answer: When you called, I had had dinner.
Q6: First, you called. Second, I had dinner.
Answer: When you called, I hadn’t had dinner yet.
Q7: First, she bought a T-shirt in the sales. Second, she gave it to me.
Answer: She bought a T-shirt in the sales and gave it to me as a birthday present.
Q8: First, she bought a T-shirt in the sales. Second, she gave it to me.
Answer: She gave me a T-shirt that she had bought in the sales.
Q9: First, the teacher arrived. Second, I finished my composition.
Answer: When the teacher arrived, I hadn’t finished my composition.
Q10: First, I finished the composition. Second, the teacher arrived.
Answer: When the teacher arrived, I had finished my composition.
نمونه سوال Error Correction
نمونه سوال Error Correction زمانی مطرح می‌شود که در متن اشتباهات گرامری یا واژگانی وجود داشته باشد که باید آنها را اصلاح کنید. اغلب در ادامه درخواست می‌شود که شکل درست آنها را هم در پاسخ بنویسید. این نوع سوالات برای past perfect کاربرد زیادی دارد. برای مشاهده فیلم آموزش گرامر Past perfect از فرادرس می‌توانید روی لینک زیر کلیک کنید.
در متن زیر ۱۰ اشتباه وجود دارد. آنها را پیدا کنید و با زدن روی گزینه پاسخ، با جواب‌های خود مقایسه کنید.
Question: When I arrived at the theater, the movie already started. I was upset because I missed the beginning, even though I had buy the tickets in advance. I didn’t expect the traffic was so bad. By the time I got to my seat, the main character already died. I tried to understand what was happening, but it was difficult since I didn’t watch the previous scenes. I had think about reading reviews before coming, but I forgot. If I had leave earlier, I would catch the first scene. My friend told me she had wait for me outside, but I didn’t see her. Apparently, she went inside after she had waited just five minutes. I was frustrated and wished I told her to wait longer. After the movie ended, I realize I had not enjoy it as much as I hoped.
Answer: When I arrived at the theater, the movie had already started. I was upset because I missed the beginning, even though I had bought the tickets in advance. I didn’t expect the traffic had been so bad. By the time I got to my seat, the main character had already died. I tried to understand what was happening, but it was difficult since I had not watched the previous scenes. I had thought about reading reviews before coming, but I forgot. If I had left earlier, I would have caught the first scene. My friend told me she had waited for me outside, but I didn’t see her. Apparently, she went inside after she had waited just five minutes. I was frustrated and wished I had told her to wait longer. After the movie ended, I realized I had not enjoyed it as much as I hoped.
نمونه سوال Gap Filling
جاهای خالی را با before و after کامل کنید.
Q1: She had finished her homework ________ she went to bed.
Answer: She had finished her homework before she went to bed.
Q2: They had left the restaurant ________ the rain started.
Answer: They had left the restaurant before the rain started.
Q3: I had called my friend ________ I arrived at the party.
Answer: I had called my friend before I arrived at the party.
Q4: We had eaten dinner ________ we watched the movie.
Answer: We had eaten dinner before we watched the movie.
Q5: He had written the report ________ the manager asked for it.
Answer: He had written the report before the manager asked for it.
Q6: The children had fallen asleep ________ their parents came home.
Answer: The children had fallen asleep before their parents came home.
Q7: She had visited Paris ________ she learned French.
Answer: She had visited Paris before she learned French.
Q8: We had cleaned the house ________ the guests arrived.
Answer: We had cleaned the house before the guests arrived.
Q9: He had broken his leg ________ the doctor examined him.
Answer: He had broken his leg before the doctor examined him.
Q10: I had saved enough money ________ I bought a new car.
Answer: I had saved enough money before I bought a new car.
نمونه سوال Gap Filling
جاهای خالی را با Past Perfect یا Simple Past کامل کنید.
Q1: After Fred __________ (to spend) his holiday in Italy, he __________ (to want) to learn Italian.
Answer: After Fred had spent his holiday in Italy he wanted to learn Italian.
Q2: Jill __________ (to phone) Dad at work before she __________ (to leave) for her trip.
Answer: Jill had phoned Dad at work before she left for her trip.
Q3: Susan __________ (to turn on) the radio after she __________ (to wash) the dishes.
Answer: Susan turned on the radio after she had washed the dishes.
Q4: When she __________ (to arrive), the match already __________ (to start).
Answer: When she arrived the match had already started .
Q5: After the man __________ (to come) home, he __________ (to feed) the cat.
Answer: After the man had come home he fed the cat.
Q6: Before he __________ (to sing) a song, he __________ (to play) the guitar.
Answer: Before he sang a song he had played the guitar.
Q7: She __________ (to watch) a video after the children __________ (to go) to bed.
Answer: She watched a video after the children had gone to bed.
Q8: After Eric __________ (to make) breakfast, he __________ (to phone) his friend.
Answer: After Eric had made breakfast, he phoned his friend.
Q9: I __________ (to be) very tired because I __________ (to study) too much.
Answer: I was very tired because I had studied too much.
Q10: They __________ (to ride) their bikes before they __________ (to meet) their friends.
Answer: They had ridden their bikes before they met their friends.
نمونه سوال Sentence Completion
متن زیر را بخوانید و جاهای خالی را با کلمات مناسب کامل کنید.
Question:
Last weekend, Mia and her friends went camping. They (choose) ______________ a quiet spot near the forest. By the time they arrived, the sun (already/set) ______________, so it was getting dark. They (set up) ______________ their tents quickly and (start) ______________ a fire.
Mia realized she (forget) ______________ her sleeping bag at home. Luckily, her friend Lily (bring) ______________ an extra one. After they (eat) ______________ dinner, they (tell) ______________ stories by the fire.
Suddenly, it started raining. They (not/put) ______________ the tent covers on, because they (think) ______________ the weather would stay clear. Everyone (run) ______________ into their tents, but their things (already/get) ______________ wet.
In the morning, they (wake up) ______________ early and (decide) ______________ to go home. It was not the weekend they (imagine) ______________, but at least they (learn) ______________ to check the weather next time!
Answer:
Last weekend, Mia and her friends chose a quiet spot near the forest. By the time they arrived, the sun had already set, so it was getting dark. They set up their tents quickly and started a fire.
Mia realized she had forgotten her sleeping bag at home. Luckily, her friend Lily had brought an extra one. After they ate dinner, they told stories by the fire.
Suddenly, it started raining. They had not put the tent covers on, because they had thought the weather would stay clear. Everyone ran into their tents, but their things had already gotten wet.
In the morning, they woke up early and decided to go home. It was not the weekend they had imagined, but at least they learned to check the weather next time!
نمونه سوال Gap Filling
جاهای خالی را با فعل و قید زمان مناسب کامل کنید.
Q1: She ________ (already / finish) her homework when her friends arrived.
Answer: She had already finished her homework when her friends arrived.
Q2: By the time we got to the cinema, the movie _________ (start).
Answer: By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had started.
Q3: I _________ (just / lock) the door when I heard someone knock.
Answer: I had just locked the door when I heard someone knock.
Q4: They ________ (not / eat) anything until the food was ready.
Answer: They had not eaten anything until the food was ready.
Q5: He _________ (never / travel) abroad before his first job interview.
Answer: He had never traveled abroad before his first job interview.
Q6: When I called her, she _________ (leave) the office
Answer: When I called her, she had left the office.
Q7: We ________ (not / meet) the manager before the meeting started.
Answer: We had not met the manager before the meeting started.
Q8: I ________ (not / see) the ending of the movie because I fell asleep before it finished.
Answer: I had not seen the ending of the movie because I fell asleep before it finished.
Q9: She ________ (already / go) to bed when the phone rang.
Answer: She had already gone to bed when the phone rang.
Q10: After they _________ (have) dinner, they watched a movie.
Answer: After they had had dinner, they watched a movie.
نمونه سوال Sentence Unscramble
پیش‌تر در مجله فرادرس به این اشاره کردیم که جملات پرسشی در زبان انگلیسی انواع مختلفی دارند. یکی از آنها که کاربرد زیادی هم دارد، نمونه سوالاتی است که شامل چند کلمه به‌هم‌ریخته می‌شود و باید با کنار هم قرار دادن آنها، جمله‌سازی کنید. در ادامه نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect را با این نوع جملات سوالی ارائه کرده‌ایم.
کلمات را کنار هم قرار دهید و جمله کامل بسازید.
Q1: left / the train / we / had / before / arrived / the station
Answer: We had left the station before the train arrived.
Q2: after / she / gone / had / the office / he / to / called her
Answer: He called her after she had gone to the office.
Q3: eaten / they / dinner / had / before / went / they / out
Answer: They had eaten dinner before they went out.
Q4: finished / I / the test / had / before / rang / the bell
Answer: I had finished the test before the bell rang.
Q5: after / movie / the / had / started / we / the / arrived
Answer: We arrived after the movie had started.
Q6: left / before / he / called / the meeting / had / I
Answer: I had left the meeting before he called.
Q7: they / we / the restaurant / after / had / reached / had dinner
Answer: We had reached the restaurant after they had had dinner.
Q8: the students / the teacher / before / explained / had / asked a question
Answer: The teacher had explained before the students asked a question.
Q9: the book / finished / after / I / had / I / returned it
Answer: I returned the book after I had finished it.
Q10: he / the lights / turned off / had / before / gone / to bed
Answer: He had turned off the lights before he went to bed.
نمونه سوال Matching
جملات ستون A را به ستون B وصل کنید. (پاسخ سوال بعد از آن آمده است.)
| B | A |
| A. when the guests arrived. | 1. She had already eaten |
| B. so I failed the test. | 2. They had finished the game |
| C. so she wasn’t hungry. | 3. I hadn’t studied |
| D. before we got to the airport. | 4. He had never visited London |
| E. before the rain started. | 5. The plane had left |
| F. until yesterday. | 6. By the time we arrived, |
| G. she watched TV. | 7. We hadn’t cleaned the house |
| H. when we got to the stadium. | 8. After she had done her homework, |
| I. about her birthday. | 9. He had forgotten |
| J. they had eaten all the food. | 10. It hadn’t rained |
آموزش زبان انگلیسی با فرادرس
یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به یادگیری مهارتهای چهارگانه نیاز دارد. هر یک از این مهارت‌ها به افزایش دانش شما کمک می‌کند و به مرور زمان می‌توانید بر صحبت کردن، خواندن متن و نوشتن به زبان انگلیسی تسلط کافی پیدا کنید. قبل از هر چیز لازم است سطح زبان خود را بدانید تا بتوانید منابع مناسب خود را انتخاب کنید.
پس از آن باید طبق یک برنامه زمان‌بندی‌شده مسیر یادگیری خود را پیش ببرید. در این راه با چالش‌‌های زیادی مواجه خواهید شد و فراموش نکنید که یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پروسه‌ای زمان‌بر است. همچنین این نکته را مدنظر داشته باشید که با انجام دادن تمرینهای مناسب و حضور پیدا کردن در محیط انگلیسی‌زبان یا شبیه آن، می‌توانید مهارتهای زبانی خود را تقویت کنید. در همین راستا فرادرس فیلم‌های آموزش زبان انگلیسی را در دسترس کاربران خود قرار داده است که از سطوح مقدماتی تا پیشرفته را پوشش می‌دهد. برای مشاهده مجموعه فیلم‌های آموزش زبان انگلیسی در فرادرس روی لینک زیر کلیک کنید.
نکات مهم درباره گرامر Past Perfect
همان‌طور که اشاره شد، از زمان گذشته کامل برای بیان عملی استفاده می‌شود که قبل از یک اتفاق دیگری در گذشته انجام شده است. برای مثال، اگر شما دیروز که به فرودگاه رسیدید، هواپیما از روی زمین بلند شده بود و از پرواز جا ماندید، می‌توانید بگویید:
The plane had taken off before I arrived at the airport.
قبل از اینکه به فرودگاه برسم، هواپیما از روی زمین بلند شده بود.
در مطالب مجله فرادرس و در مباحث آموزش گرامر، همواره به نکات مهمی اشاره کرده‌ایم که برای یادگیری مؤثر است. در این مطلب هم برای اینکه بتوانید به خوبی از عهده نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect بربیایید، لازم است نکات مهمی را در رابطه با موارد استفاده از این زمان پرکاربرد در زبان انگلیسی بدانید.
- از گذشته کامل برای توصیف عملی استفاده می‌شود که قبل از اتفاق دیگری در گذشته رخ داده است، مانند مثال زیر:
She had left the house when I arrived.
وقتی من رسیدم، او خانه را ترک کرده بود.
- برای بیان ترتیب اتفاق در گذشته از «before» و «after» استفاده می‌شود، مانند مثال‌های زیر:
He had eaten lunch before he went out.
قبل از اینکه بیرون برود، نهار خورده بود.
After they had finished the movie, they went to bed.
بعد از تماشای فیلم به رختخواب رفتند.
- برای تأکید بر کامل شده عمل در زمان گذشته از past perfect استفاده می‌کنیم، مانند مثال زیر:
We had already seen the film.
ما قبلاً آن فیلم را دیده بودیم.
- به غیر از «before» و «after» از قیدهای «by the time/already/just/when» نیز برای توصیف گرامر past perfect کمک می‌گیریم، مانند مثال‌های زیر:
By the time I got to the station, the train had left.
وقتی به ایستگاه رسیدم، قطار رفته بود.
He had already left when I got there.
وقتی من رسیدم، خیلی وقت بود که او رفته بود.
She had just finished her work when the manager called.
او تازه کارش را تمام کرده بود که مدیر تماس گرفت.
I had cleaned the house when my guests arrived.
وقتی مهمان‌هایم رسیدند، من خانه را تمیز کرده بودم.
- گذشته کامل قبل از اتفاق دیگری در گذشته رخ داده است، اما گذشته ساده به یک اتفاق در گذشته اشاره می‌کند و معمولاً بعد از گذشته کامل رخ می‌دهد. مثال‌های زیر را با هم مقایسه کنید.
I ate breakfast at 7.
من ساعت ۷ صبحانه خوردم.
I had eaten breakfast before I left home.
قبل از اینکه خانه را ترک کنم، صبحانه خورده بودم.
- از فعل کمکی «had» برای تمام ضمایر فاعلی استفاده می‌شود و بعد از آن فعل اصلی به شکل «p.p» به کار می‌رود، مانند مثال‌های زیر:
I had seen the movie before.
من قبلاً آن فیلم را دیده بودم.
They had left the office before I arrived.
قبل از اینکه من برسم، آنها از اداره رفته بودند.
جمع‌بندی گرامر Present Perfect
در این آموزش با ۹۳ نمونه سوال برای گرامر Past Perfect آشنا شدیم و کاربردهای آن را در موقعیت‌های مختلف یاد گرفتیم. همچنین به کمک مثال، برخی از قیدهای زمان گذشته کامل را معرفی کردیم و نحوه استفاده از آنها را توضیح دادیم. در بخش پایانی و در جدول زیر، کاربردهای گذشته کامل را مرور می‌کنیم.
|
کاربردهای گذشته کامل (Past Pefect Tense) |
|
| کاربرد | توضیح |
| ترتیب دو اتفاق در گذشته | عملی که قبل از اتفاق دیگری در گذشته انجام شده است. |
| همراه با when | برای مقایسه یا توالی دو اتفاق در گذشته |
| همراه با by the time | برای اشاره به اینکه کاری قبل از زمان مشخصی انجام شده است. |
| همراه با already | برای اشاره به اینکه عملی زودتر از انتظار انجام شده است. |
| همراه با just | برای بیان کاری که لحظاتی قبل انجام شده است. |
| همراه با because | برای توضیح دلیل انجام عمل در گذشته |
| بیان تجربه در گذشته | برای اشاره به تجربه‌ای که تا آن لحظه در گذشته رخ داده است. |
مطلبی که در بالا مطالعه کردید بخشی از مجموعه مطالب «مباحث متفرقه زبان انگلیسی» است. در ادامه، می‌توانید فهرست این مطالب را ببینید:
source